I got my manager who can obviously, then there's his director, his?
No. .. but effectively yes. Generally a person has a contract of employment. It identifies your employer and manager and the conditions for dismissal. In an organisation as complex ax you describe, there would be a HR department. It is the HR manager who hired and fires. The HR manager is directed by the line manager or the board , so that is how the chain operates. The HR manager is expected to know the current law about employee rights.